In this Guide...
PLEASE NOTE
Before you write your reference list or bibliography, check with your lecturer/tutor which style they prefer you to use and refer to the instructions included with your assignment.
This guide is based on the Harvard or author - date style presented in :
Style manual for authors, editors and printers 2002, 6th edn, AGPS, Canberra, ACT.
Contents
- Harvard All Examples PDF
- Getting Started
- In-text References
- Referencing Info Someone Else has Referenced
- 1, 2 or More Authors
- No Author
- Editor
- Chapters in Books
- Translator and Author
- Organisation as Author
- E-book
- Kindle book
- Multiple works same author
- Print (and from electronic database, WebCT or e-reserve)
- 1, 2 or More Authors
- Print (and from electronic database, WebCT or e-reserve)
- Website
- No Author
- Section
- Media Release
- Website
- No Author
- No Date
- Web Document
- Blog
- Computer Software
- Web Image
- Print (and from electronic database, WebCT or e-reserve)
- Unpublished
- Published
- Online
- Acts/Statutes
- Bills
- Cases
- Online
- Printed
- Unpublished
- Proceedings
- Interview
- Letter
- Telephone Call
- Streaming Video
- Television Programme
- Audio Podcast
- Video Podcast
- Music Track from an Album
- Blog Post
- Company Report
- Annual Report
- Company Profile
- Financial Data
- Industry Report
- Electronic Database
- A table of examples in all formats for quick reference
Harvard - Useful Library Resources
Harvard All Examples PDF
Getting Started
There are two components to referencing in the Harvard style: in-text references in your paper and the reference list at the end of your paper.
The in-text reference:
All sources of information must be acknowledged in the text of your paper.
In the Harvard 'author/date' style an in-text reference consists of family name of the author/ authors or name of the authoring body and year of publication.
In-text reference will consist of:
If you quote directly from an author or to cite a specific idea or piece of information from the source, you need to include the page number of the quote in your in-text reference.
The reference list:
All in-text references should be listed in the reference list at the end of your document.
Reference list entry for a book
Reference list entry for a journal article
Reference list entries contain all the information that someone needs to follow up your source. Reference lists in Harvard are arranged alphabetically by author.
In-text references
In text references are placed in parentheses at the end of a sentence, before the concluding punctuation.
Example:
A daily walk can help prevent heart disease (Brill 2011).
Where the citation refers to only part of a sentence it should be placed at the end of the phrase to which it relates.
When the name of the author is part of the sentence only the date is required for the citation. Place the date in parentheses (brackets) immediately following the authors’ surname.
Example :
According to Weinberg and Gould (2011) ...
Two or more works referenced at one point in the text
If two or more works by different authors or authoring bodies are referenced at one point in the text, use a semi-colon to separate them:
(Larsen 2000; Malinowski 1999)
The authors should be listed in alphabetical order.
Two or three authors or authoring bodies
When referencing a work by two or three authors or authoring bodies, cite the names in the order in which they appear on the title page:
(Malinowski, Miller & Gupta 1995)
What if I want to reference some information that someone else has referenced?
If you read an article or book which references some information that you want to reference, always refer to the source where you found the information, not the original source. For example:
Sue reads an article by Alex Byrne in the Australian Library Journal in which he cites or refers to statements made by Tim O'Reilly on his website at http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html Sue wants to refer to O'Reilly's statement in her assignment.
Sue would acknowledge O'Reilly in her text but her reference is to the source where she saw the information. Sue might write as her in-text reference:
(O'Reilly, cited in Byrne 2008)
In her reference list Sue would write a reference for Byrne's article because that's where she sourced the information. The entry in her References would be:
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